1、Future Callable FutureTask 源码说明
JDK内置的Future主要使用到了Callable接口和FutureTask类。
Callable是类似于Runnable的接口,实现Callable接口的类和实现Runnable的类都是可被其他线程执行的任务。Callable接口的定义如下:
public interface Callable{ /** * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so. * * @return computed result * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result */ V call() throws Exception; }
Callable的类型参数是返回值的类型。例如:
Callable表示一个最终返回Integer对象的异步计算。
Future保存异步计算的结果。实际应用中可以启动一个计算,将Future对象交给某个线程,然后执行其他操作。Future对象的所有者在结果计算好之后就可以获得它。Future接口具有下面的方法:
public interface Future{ boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning); boolean isCancelled(); boolean isDone(); V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException; V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;}
get & get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
第一个get方法的调用被阻塞,直到计算完成。如果在计算完成之前,第二个get方法的调用超时,抛出一个TimeoutException异常。如果运行该计算的线程被中断,两个方法都将抛出InterruptedException。如果计算已经完成,那么get方法立即返回。
isDone
如果计算还在进行,isDone方法返回false;如果完成了,则返回true。
cancel:
可以用cancel方法取消该计算。如果计算还没有开始,它被取消且不再开始。如果计算处于运行之中,那么如果mayInterrupt参数为true,它就被中断。
true : 任务状态= INTERRUPTING = 5。如果任务已经运行,则强行中断。如果任务未运行,那么则不会再运行
false:CANCELLED = 4。如果任务已经运行,则允许运行完成(但不能通过get获取结果)。如果任务未运行,那么则不会再运行
isCancelled 判断是够被取消;
FutureTask包装器是一种非常便利的机制,同时实现了Future和Runnable接口。FutureTask有2个构造方法
public FutureTask(Callablecallable) { if (callable == null) throw new NullPointerException(); this.callable = callable; this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable }public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) { this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result); this.state = NEW; // ensure visibility of callable}
下面具体分析下FutureTask的实现,先看JDK8的,再比较一下JDK6的实现。
既然FutureTask也是一个Runnable,那就看看它的run方法
public void run() { if (state != NEW || !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset, null, Thread.currentThread())) return; try { Callablec = callable; // 这里的callable是从构造方法里面传人的 if (c != null && state == NEW) { V result; boolean ran; try { result = c.call(); ran = true; } catch (Throwable ex) { result = null; ran = false; setException(ex); // 保存call方法抛出的异常 } if (ran) set(result); // 保存call方法的执行结果 } } finally { // runner must be non-null until state is settled to // prevent concurrent calls to run() runner = null; // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent // leaked interrupts int s = state; if (s >= INTERRUPTING) handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s); } }
这里表示状态的属性state是个什么鬼
// Possible state transitions:
//1)执行过程顺利完成:NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL
//2)执行过程出现异常:NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL
//3)执行过程被取消:NEW -> CANCELLED
//4)执行过程中,线程中断:NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED
private volatile int state; private static final int NEW = 0; private static final int COMPLETING = 1; private static final int NORMAL = 2; private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = 3; private static final int CANCELLED = 4; private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5; private static final int INTERRUPTED = 6;
get方法:
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { int s = state; if (s <= COMPLETING) s = awaitDone(false, 0L); return report(s); }
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos) throws InterruptedException { final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L; WaitNode q = null; boolean queued = false; for (;;) { /** 这里的if else的顺序也是有讲究的。 1.先判断线程是否中断,中断则从队列中移除(也可能该线程不存在于队列中) 2.判断当前任务是否执行完成,执行完成则不再阻塞,直接返回。 3.如果任务状态=COMPLETING,证明该任务处于已执行完成,正在切换任务执行状态,CPU让出片刻即可 4.q==null,则证明还未创建节点,则创建节点 5.q节点入队 6和7.阻塞 **/ if (Thread.interrupted()) { removeWaiter(q); throw new InterruptedException(); } int s = state; if (s > COMPLETING) { if (q != null) q.thread = null; return s; } else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet Thread.yield(); else if (q == null) q = new WaitNode(); else if (!queued) queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q.next = waiters, q); else if (timed) { nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime(); if (nanos <= 0L) { removeWaiter(q); return state; } LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos); } else LockSupport.park(this); } }
可以看到get方法中使用了for循环,在任务没有执行完成return之前,一直处于阻塞状态,通过阻塞当前线程,直至run方法执行完成,state状态变为大于 COMPLETING
下边看一下report方法;
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException { Object x = outcome; if (s == NORMAL) return (V)x; if (s >= CANCELLED) throw new CancellationException(); throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x); }
cancel方法:
mayInterruptIfRunning用来决定任务的状态。 true : 任务状态= INTERRUPTING = 5。如果任务已经运行,则强行中断。如果任务未运行,那么则不会再运行 false:CANCELLED = 4。如果任务已经运行,则允许运行完成(但不能通过get获取结果)。如果任务未运行,那么则不会再运行 **/ public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) { if (state != NEW) return false; if (mayInterruptIfRunning) { if (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, INTERRUPTING)) return false; Thread t = runner; //调用 Thread.interrupt()强行中断 if (t != null) t.interrupt(); UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, INTERRUPTED); // final state } else if (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, CANCELLED)) return false; finishCompletion(); //如果任务已经执行 则执行完成(但不能通过get获取结果)
return true; }